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Objective To evaluate the effects of seven different skin interventions in the result of penicillin skin test by network Meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database from construction to July 2017 was carried out. Control trials examining the effects of skin interventions on the false positive rate of penicillin skin test were included. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0.All data was screened,extracted and reviewed by 2 researchers independently and analyzed by WinBUGS, R and Stata. Results Totally 18 trials involving 25 077 patients were included.The results of network Meta-analysis showed the statistically significant difference in favor of saline, 0.5% glutaral and iodine-containing disinfector when compared to alcohol (P<0.05). However,there was no difference in effects between other different skin interventions on the false positive rate (P>0.05). Probability ranking showed that there was a great possibility for saline, direct injection, 0.5% glutaral and iodine-containing disinfector in the reduction of false positive rate. Conclusions Saline, 0.5% glutaral and iodine-containing disinfector were superior to other skin interventions in reducing false positive rate of penicillin skin test.
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Objective To observe air disinfection efficacy of ultraviolet ray,ozone disinfector,and circulating air disinfector in outpatient blood collection room.Methods Air in outpatient blood collection room was disinfected by ultraviolet ray,ozone disinfector,and circulating air disinfector,air specimen was taken before and after air disinfection,as well as after 1,2,3,and 4 hour working condition of staff,efficacy of 3 disinfection methods were compared.Results Under static condition,there was no significant difference in average colony forming unit(CFU) among 3 disinfection methods(P =0.317),the average CFU in air which disinfected by ultraviolet ray and ozone disinfector increased rapidly after the entry of personnel,the number of air colony did not meet the requirements of category Ⅲ environmental sanitation standard after staff worked for 2 hours;circulating air disinfector could continuously disinfect after the entry of personnel,the average CFU met the requirement of category Ⅲ environmental sanitation standard after staff worked for 1,2,3,and 4 hours;there were significant difference in the CFU among different disinfection methods(F =211.00,P＜0.001),there were significant difference in CFU at different sampling time(F =272.95,P＜ 0.001).Conclusion Circulating air disinfector can meet the requirements of category Ⅲ environmental sanitation standard during the working condition of staff,and is suitable for air disinfection in outpatient blood collection room.
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Objective To explore optimum cycle of Automatic Washer Disinfector for endozime auto wash triple plus with advanced proteolytic action to ensure mechanical cleaning quality and improve safety of reusable medical instruments. Methods Visual inspection, STF cleaning efficacy monitoring test and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) test were used to verify cleaning quality of the newly updated No.4 automatic washer disinfector, and changed key parameters on weekly basis, such as pre-cleaning temperature, pre-cleaning time, detergent concentration, main cleaning temperature, and main flushing time, recorded cleaning results for three weeks:Group test of initial procedure, Group test 1 of optimization procedure and Group test 2 of optimization procedure.Χ2 test was used to compare differences of the three groups and determine the optimum cycle. Results Group test 2 of optimization procedure had the highest visual inspection and ATP test qualification rate (both were 100.00%), and pass all the STF tests. Cleaning quality was significantly better than the other two groups, and the cycle made full use of the tested detergent. Conclusions Cycle parameters of cleaning machine have great impact on medical instruments cleaning quality; Specific consuming products need to be verified to determine the optimum cleaning cycle.
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Objective To evaluate disinfectant efficacy of air disinfector and ultraviolet lamp.Methods Domestic literatures were searched by computer,RevMan 5 .3 software provided by the Cochrane collaboration was used for quantitative analysis,efficacy of two kinds of air disinfection methods was compared. Results A total of 1 1 articles met the inclusion criteria. Because the heterogeneity of literatures,random effects model analysis was adopted, colony forming unit (CFU)before disinfection(WMD= -26.28,95% CI:[-60.31,7.75],P>0.05 )and immediately-after disinfection(WMD= 22.45,95% CI:[-34.24,79.13],P>0.05)had no obvious difference between two methods respectively,but CFU of air disinfector 2 hours after disinfection was significantly less than ultraviolet lamp group(WMD= -345.11,95% CI:[-478.28,-211.94],P<0.05).Conclusion Air disinfector has good continuous disinfection efficacy.
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Objective To compare disinfection efficacy of three different air disinfection methods on the air in blood collection room.Methods Air disinfection in blood collection room was conducted by ultraviolet (UV)light, ozone disinfector (OD)and air purification disinfector respectively ,natural sedimentation method was used to take air specimens before ,after disinfection ,and during working condition of staff ,air disinfection efficacy was detec-ted.Results All three methods could decrease air bacterial count after disinfection ,the total number of bacteria in indoor air after disinfection met the class Ⅲ environmental requirement.Under working condition of staff ,the num-ber of bacteria of OD and UV light group increased rapidly,at 4 hours was (7.53±1.28)CFU/5 min·Φ90petri dish and (8.16±1.57)CFU/5 min·Φ90petri dish respectively;air purification disinfector disinfected for 4 hours under the condition of movement of personnel in blood collection environment,bacteria count still remained <4.0 CFU/5 min·Φ90petri dish.Conclusion Disinfecting continuously by air purification disinfector can ensure the effectiveness of air cleanliness in blood collection room.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of the nanometer photocatalysis air disinfector.METHODS The air disinfection effect of nanometer photocatalyis air disinfectior JBL-400 series,such as the self-cycling movable,mosaic and attached to the wind gap air disinfectors,was detected in the simulating field trial and field trial in intensive care units,operating rooms and therapy rooms according to the Disinfection Technique Standards.RESULTS The kill ratio of self-cycling air disinfector in simulating trial was more than 99.9%.After constant air disinfection in the above three kinds of medical divisions,the total bacteria number of static state in these places could reach to the standard of area Ⅱ(≤200 CFU/m3),with 56.8-78.4% dissolution ratio of the natural bacteria.The total bacteria number of dynamic state in these places could reach to the standard of area Ⅱ or area Ⅲ.CONCLUSIONS The JBL-400 series air disinfector has diverse application forms,and disinfects quickly with good effects.It can be used in all kinds of medical divisions.
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OBJECTIVE To observe the disinfection efficacy of nano-light catalytic air disinfector(Jian Bai Le disinfector) in ophthalmic outpatients operating room.METHODS The efficacy of disinfection of the disinfector in the operating room without and with staff was detected respectively.This efficacy of disinfection was compared with that of ultraviolet ray.RESULTS The average eliminated rate of natural bacteria in the air was 88.9% vs 89.7%,and the average bacterial colony number was 63.9 vs 75.0 CFU/m3,respectively,after disinfection by the disinfector or by ultraviolet ray without staff.When the device worked continuously with staff,Their average bacterial colony number was 26.6,92.2,150.0 and 155.3 CFU/m3,vs 150.2,166.7,355.1 and 738.4CFU/m3 in the period of 30,60,120 and 180 minutes after operation,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The bactericidal efficacy of disinfector is distinctly better than that of ultraviolet ray lamp.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the terminal bacterial pollution of hospital central oxygen supply system and the sanitizing effect of MX-1 disinfector. METHODS Timing many spot samples of terminal oxygen supply equipment (oxygen flowmeter, humid bottle, oxygen pipe) were quantified and cultivated through 24 hours continue supply. RESULTS Five cases of timing many spot samples testified that there were no bacteria oxygen pollution in the pipe oxygen supply in the Department of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, and that there were no bacteria pollution in the terminal oxygen supply equipments if they were sterilized strictly, but there would be severe bacteria pollution if they were not sterilized strictly. This test found that lid of humid bottle and lapis were the main source of bacteria pollution. Connection with MX-1 disinfector in the terminal can avoid bacteria pollution. CONCLUSIONS Severe bacteria pollution will happen if the oxygen supply equipments aren't sterilized strictly; connection with MX-1 disinfector in the terminal can avoid bacteria pollution and ensure oxygen for cleanliness and safety.
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OBJECTIVE To select applicable air disinfectors that can be used at indoor dynamic state to disinfect air in hospital.METHODS Some different air disinfectors were installed different volumetric rooms.To detect indoor air bacterial content before and after running the air disinfectors at quiet state and dynamic state.To evaluate the disinfection effect of these air disinfectors according to the eliminateion rates.RESULTS At quiet state,the indoor bacteria eliminateion rate exceed 90% after the air disinfectors running 0.5h.So the disinfection were qualified.At dynamic state,these air disinfectors showed good lasting disinfection effect.CONCLUSIONS The air disinfectors solve the problem of indoor air disinfection at dynamic state.It is imperative that select and use exactly the air(disinfectors) to get good disinfection effect.
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OBJECTIVE To solve the problem of the dynamic disinfection when repollution of the air in the key(departments) of hospital exists.METHODS The germicidal effecacy using the dynamic and undynamic disinfection of Kangaking Air Disinfector in the key departments was detected.RESULTS The total air germ was probably zero after undynamic infection.(After) dynamic infection,the total air germ conformed the national standardⅡand Ⅲ.Many kinds of department′s rate of infection descended than ever.CONCLUSIONS The effective disinfection of Kangaking YKX/G,YDX/Y Type Air Disinfector is obvious.The disinfector is a new anti-infective method and one of the most important way to prevent the hospital infection.
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OBJECTIVE To observe the sterilization effect of nanophotocatalytic air disinfector(NPD) on the indoor air of emergency room.METHODS Under the static and active circumstances,the on the-spot sterilization was adopted and observed.RESULTS In the static circumstances,after the machine had properly functioned over 60 minutes,the elimination rate of natural bacteria in debridement room and dressing change area reached 100.00% and 90.44%,respectively;in the active,after the machine had properly functioned over 60 minutes,the elimination rate of natural bacteria in debridement room and dressing change area reached 95.99% and 86.68%,respectively.The bacteria amount in the air decreased as the sterilization time was extended.CONCLUSIONS The NPD has good sterilization effect on indoor air.It can be adopted for the air sterilization in the emergency room under active circumstances.
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OBJECTIVE To make clear the germicidal efficacy of a large-sized pressure-stream disinfector for(bedclothes) used in the hospital.METHODS The carrier-ration sterilization experiment and local disinfection(experiment) were used to test the germicidal efficacy of pressure-stream disinfector for microorganism being on the contaminated bedclothes.RESULTS Operating the disinfector at the 105℃ for 5 minutes,its killing rate of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans on bedclothes was 100%,the natural killing rate of(surface) of bedclothes exceeded 99.28%.CONCLUSIONS The pressure-stream disinfection is an excellently(effective),economical and environment protective method,it deserves to be used widely.